Moonwalkers - Astronauts who have walked on the Moon

Apollo 11
Armstrong, Neil A.
Aldrin, Edwin E.

Apollo 12
Conrad, Charles P
Bean, Alan L.

Apollo 14
Shepard, Alan B.
Mitchell, Edgar D.

Apollo 15
Scott, David R.
Irwin, James B.

Apollo 16
Young, John W.
Duke, Charles M.

Apollo 17
Cernan, Eugene A.
Schmitt, Harrison H.

Dalai Lamas

Name Lifespan (Recognised) Reign

1st Gendun Drup 1391–1474 (N/A) N/A
2nd Gendun Gyatso 1475–1542 (N/A) 1492–1542
3rd Sonam Gyatso 1543–1588 (N/A) 1578–1588
4th Yonten Gyatso 1589–1617 (N/A) 1601–1617
5th Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso 1617–1682 (1618) 1642–1682
6th Tsangyang Gyatso 1683–1706 (1688) 1697–1706
7th Kelzang Gyatso 1708–1757 (N/A) 1720–1757
8th Jamphel Gyatso 1758–1804 (1760) 1762–1804
9th Lungtok Gyatso 1805–1815 (1807) 1810–1815
10th Tsultrim Gyatso 1816–1837 (1822) 1826–1837
11th Khendrup Gyatso 1838–1856 (1841) 1842–1856
12th Trinley Gyatso 1857–1875 (1858) 1860–1875
13th Thubten Gyatso 1876–1933 (1878) 1879–1933
14th Tenzin Gyatso born 1935 (1937) 1950–present(currently in exile)

The Astronomer Royal

1675–1719 John Flamsteed
1720–1742 Edmond Halley
1742–1762 James Bradley
1762–1764 Nathaniel Bliss
1765–1811 Nevil Maskelyne
1811–1835 John Pond
1835–1881 Sir George Biddell Airy
1881–1910 Sir William Christie
1910–1933 Sir Frank Dyson
1933–1955 Sir Harold Spencer Jones
1956–1971 Richard van der Riet Woolley
1972–1982 Sir Martin Ryle
1982–1990 Sir Francis Graham-Smith
1991–1995 Sir Arnold Wolfendale
1995–present Martin Rees, Baron Rees of Ludlow

List of Popes (including antipopes)

St. Peter (32-67)
St. Linus (67-76)
St. Anacletus (Cletus) (76-88)
St. Clement I (88-97)
St. Evaristus (97-105)
St. Alexander I (105-115)
St. Sixtus I (115-125) Also called Xystus I
St. Telesphorus (125-136)
St. Hyginus (136-140)
St. Pius I (140-155)
St. Anicetus (155-166)
St. Soter (166-175)
St. Eleutherius (175-189)
St. Victor I (189-199)
St. Zephyrinus (199-217)
St. Callistus I (217-22) Callistus and the following three popes were opposed by St. Hippolytus, antipope (217-236)
St. Urban I (222-30)
St. Pontain (230-35)
St. Anterus (235-36)
St. Fabian (236-50)
St. Cornelius (251-53) Opposed by Novatian, antipope (251)
St. Lucius I (253-54)
St. Stephen I (254-257)
St. Sixtus II (257-258)
St. Dionysius (260-268)
St. Felix I (269-274)
St. Eutychian (275-283)
St. Caius (283-296) Also called Gaius
St. Marcellinus (296-304)
St. Marcellus I (308-309)
St. Eusebius (309 or 310)
St. Miltiades (311-14)
St. Sylvester I (314-35)
St. Marcus (336)
St. Julius I (337-52)
Liberius (352-66) Opposed by Felix II, antipope (355-365)
St. Damasus I (366-83) Opposed by Ursicinus, antipope (366-367)
St. Siricius (384-99)
St. Anastasius I (399-401)
St. Innocent I (401-17)
St. Zosimus (417-18)
St. Boniface I (418-22) Opposed by Eulalius, antipope (418-419)

St. Celestine I (422-32)
St. Sixtus III (432-40)
St. Leo I (the Great) (440-61)
St. Hilarius (461-68)
St. Simplicius (468-83)
St. Felix III (II) (483-92)
St. Gelasius I (492-96)
Anastasius II (496-98)
St. Symmachus (498-514) Opposed by Laurentius, antipope (498-501)
St. Hormisdas (514-23)
St. John I (523-26)
St. Felix IV (III) (526-30)
Boniface II (530-32) Opposed by Dioscorus, antipope (530)
John II (533-35)
St. Agapetus I (535-36) Also called Agapitus I
St. Silverius (536-37)
Vigilius (537-55)
Pelagius I (556-61)
John III (561-74)
Benedict I (575-79)
Pelagius II (579-90)
St. Gregory I (the Great) (590-604)
Sabinian (604-606)
Boniface III (607)
St. Boniface IV (608-15)
St. Deusdedit (Adeodatus I) (615-18)
Boniface V (619-25)
Honorius I (625-38)
Severinus (640)
John IV (640-42)
Theodore I (642-49)
St. Martin I (649-55)
St. Eugene I (655-57)
St. Vitalian (657-72)
Adeodatus (II) (672-76)
Donus (676-78)
St. Agatho (678-81)
St. Leo II (682-83)
St. Benedict II (684-85)
John V (685-86)
Conon (686-87)
St. Sergius I (687-701) Opposed by Theodore and Paschal, antipopes (687)
John VI (701-05)
John VII (705-07)
Sisinnius (708)
Constantine (708-15)
St. Gregory II (715-31)
St. Gregory III (731-41)
St. Zachary (741-52)
Stephen II (752) Because he died before being consecrated, many authoritative lists omit him
Stephen III (752-57)
St. Paul I (757-67)
Stephen IV (767-72) Opposed by Constantine II (767) and Philip (768), antipopes (767)
Adrian I (772-95)
St. Leo III (795-816)
Stephen V (816-17)
St. Paschal I (817-24)
Eugene II (824-27)
Valentine (827)
Gregory IV (827-44)
Sergius II (844-47) Opposed by John, antipope (855)
St. Leo IV (847-55)
Benedict III (855-58) Opposed by Anastasius, antipope (855)
St. Nicholas I (the Great) (858-67)
Adrian II (867-72)
John VIII (872-82)
Marinus I (882-84)
St. Adrian III (884-85)
Stephen VI (885-91)
Formosus (891-96)
Boniface VI (896)
Stephen VII (896-97)
Romanus (897)
Theodore II (897)
John IX (898-900)
Benedict IV (900-03)
Leo V (903) Opposed by Christopher, antipope (903-904)
Sergius III (904-11)
Anastasius III (911-13)
Lando (913-14)
John X (914-28)
Leo VI (928)
Stephen VIII (929-31)
John XI (931-35)
Leo VII (936-39)
Stephen IX (939-42)
Marinus II (942-46)
Agapetus II (946-55)
John XII (955-63)
Leo VIII (963-64)
Benedict V (964)
John XIII (965-72)
Benedict VI (973-74)
Benedict VII (974-83) Benedict and John XIV were opposed by Boniface VII, antipope (974; 984-985)
John XIV (983-84)
John XV (985-96)
Gregory V (996-99) Opposed by John XVI, antipope (997-998)
Sylvester II (999-1003)
John XVII (1003)
John XVIII (1003-09)
Sergius IV (1009-12)
Benedict VIII (1012-24) Opposed by Gregory, antipope (1012)
John XIX (1024-32)
Benedict IX (1032-45) He appears on this list three separate times, because he was twice deposed and restored
Sylvester III (1045) Considered by some to be an antipope
Benedict IX (1045)
Gregory VI (1045-46)
Clement II (1046-47)
Benedict IX (1047-48)
Damasus II (1048)
St. Leo IX (1049-54)
Victor II (1055-57)
Stephen X (1057-58)
Nicholas II (1058-61) Opposed by Benedict X, antipope (1058)
Alexander II (1061-73) Opposed by Honorius II, antipope (1061-1072)
St. Gregory VII (1073-85) Gregory and the following three popes were opposed by Guibert ("Clement III"), antipope (1080-1100)
Blessed Victor III (1086-87)
Blessed Urban II (1088-99)
Paschal II (1099-1118) Opposed by Theodoric (1100), Aleric (1102) and Maginulf ("Sylvester IV", 1105-1111), antipopes (1100)
Gelasius II (1118-19) Opposed by Burdin ("Gregory VIII"), antipope (1118)
Callistus II (1119-24)
Honorius II (1124-30) Opposed by Celestine II, antipope (1124)
Innocent II (1130-43) Opposed by Anacletus II (1130-1138) and Gregory Conti ("Victor IV") (1138), antipopes (1138)
Celestine II (1143-44)
Lucius II (1144-45)
Blessed Eugene III (1145-53)
Anastasius IV (1153-54)
Adrian IV (1154-59)
Alexander III (1159-81) Opposed by Octavius ("Victor IV") (1159-1164), Pascal III (1165-1168), Callistus III (1168-1177) and Innocent III (1178-1180), antipopes
Lucius III (1181-85)
Urban III (1185-87)
Gregory VIII (1187)
Clement III (1187-91)
Celestine III (1191-98)
Innocent III (1198-1216)
Honorius III (1216-27)
Gregory IX (1227-41)
Celestine IV (1241)
Innocent IV (1243-54)
Alexander IV (1254-61)
Urban IV (1261-64)
Clement IV (1265-68)
Blessed Gregory X (1271-76)
Blessed Innocent V (1276)
Adrian V (1276)
John XXI (1276-77)
Nicholas III (1277-80)
Martin IV (1281-85)
Honorius IV (1285-87)
Nicholas IV (1288-92)
St. Celestine V (1294)
Boniface VIII (1294-1303)
Blessed Benedict XI (1303-04)
Clement V (1305-14)
John XXII (1316-34) Opposed by Nicholas V, antipope (1328-1330)
Benedict XII (1334-42)
Clement VI (1342-52)
Innocent VI (1352-62)
Blessed Urban V (1362-70)
Gregory XI (1370-78)
Urban VI (1378-89) Opposed by Robert of Geneva ("Clement VII"), antipope (1378-1394)
Boniface IX (1389-1404) Opposed by Robert of Geneva ("Clement VII") (1378-1394), Pedro de Luna ("Benedict XIII") (1394-1417) and Baldassare Cossa ("John XXIII") (1400-1415), antipopes
Innocent VII (1404-06) Opposed by Pedro de Luna ("Benedict XIII") (1394-1417) and Baldassare Cossa ("John XXIII") (1400-1415), antipopes
Gregory XII (1406-15) Opposed by Pedro de Luna ("Benedict XIII") (1394-1417), Baldassare Cossa ("John XXIII") (1400-1415), and Pietro Philarghi ("Alexander V") (1409-1410), antipopes
Martin V (1417-31)
Eugene IV (1431-47) Opposed by Amadeus of Savoy ("Felix V"), antipope (1439-1449)
Nicholas V (1447-55)
Callistus III (1455-58)
Pius II (1458-64)
Paul II (1464-71)
Sixtus IV (1471-84)
Innocent VIII (1484-92)
Alexander VI (1492-1503)
Pius III (1503)
Julius II (1503-13)
Leo X (1513-21)
Adrian VI (1522-23)
Clement VII (1523-34)
Paul III (1534-49)
Julius III (1550-55)
Marcellus II (1555)
Paul IV (1555-59)
Pius IV (1559-65)
St. Pius V (1566-72)
Gregory XIII (1572-85)
Sixtus V (1585-90)
Urban VII (1590)
Gregory XIV (1590-91)
Innocent IX (1591)
Clement VIII (1592-1605)
Leo XI (1605)
Paul V (1605-21)
Gregory XV (1621-23)
Urban VIII (1623-44)
Innocent X (1644-55)
Alexander VII (1655-67)
Clement IX (1667-69)
Clement X (1670-76)
Blessed Innocent XI (1676-89)
Alexander VIII (1689-91)
Innocent XII (1691-1700)
Clement XI (1700-21)
Innocent XIII (1721-24)
Benedict XIII (1724-30)
Clement XII (1730-40)
Benedict XIV (1740-58)
Clement XIII (1758-69)
Clement XIV (1769-74)
Pius VI (1775-99)
Pius VII (1800-23)
Leo XII (1823-29)
Pius VIII (1829-30)
Gregory XVI (1831-46)
Blessed Pius IX (1846-78)
Leo XIII (1878-1903)
St. Pius X (1903-14)
Benedict XV (1914-22)
Pius XI (1922-39)
Pius XII (1939-58)
Blessed John XXIII (1958-63)
Paul VI (1963-78)
John Paul I (1978)
John Paul II (1978-2005)
Benedict XVI (2005-2013)
Fancis I (2013-)

Kings and Queens of England, Scotland and Wales

KINGS OF ENGLAND
757-796 Offa - House of Mercia
802-839 Egbert - House of Wessex
839-856 Aethelwulf - House of Wessex
856-860 Aethelbald - House of Wessex
860-866 Aethelbert - House of Wessex
866-871 Athelred I - House of Wessex
871-899 Alfred the Great - House of Wessex
899-925 Edward the Elder - House of Wessex
925-940 Athelstan - House of Wessex
940-946 Edmund - House of Wessex
946-955 Edred - House of Wessex
955-959 Edwy - House of Wessex
959-975 Edgar - House of Wessex
975-978 Edward the Martyr - House of Wessex
978-1016 Ethelred II the Unready - House of Wessex
1016-1016 Edmund lronside - House of Wessex
1016-1035 Cnut (Canute) - House of Denmark
1035-1040 Harold I Harefoot - House of Denmark
1040-1042 Harthacanut - House of Denmark
1042-1066 Edward the Confessor - House of Wessex
1066-1066 Harold II - House of Wessex
1066-1087 William I - House of Normandy
1087-1100 William II - House of Normandy
1100-1135 Henry I - House of Normandy
1135-1154 Stephen - House of Blois
1154-1189 Henry II - House of Angevin
1189-1199 Richard I - House of Angevin
1199-1216 John - House of Angevin
1216-1272 Henry III - House of Plantagenet

RULERS OF WALES
825-844 Merfyn Frych (Merfyn the Freckled) - Lord of Gwynedd
844-878 Rhodri Mawr (Rhodri the Great) - Lord of Gwynedd
878-916 Anarawd - Lord of Gwynedd
916-942 Idwal Foel (Idwahl the bald) - Lord of Ceredigion
950-979 Iago - Lord of Ceredigion
979-985 Hywel (Hywel the bad) - Lord of Gwynedd
985-986 Cadwallon - Lord of Gwynedd
999-1005 Maredudd ap Owain - Lord of Gwynedd & Dehuebarth
1018-1023 Llywelyn ap Seisyll - Lord of Gwynedd & Dehuebarth
1039-1063 Gruffydd ap Llywelyn - Lord of Gwynedd
1081-1137 Gruffydd ap Cynan - Lord of Gwynedd
1135-1137 Gruffydd ap Rhys - Lord of Gwynedd
1137-1170 Owain Gwynedd - Lord of Gwynedd
1170-1194 Dafydd and Rhodri ap Owain - Lord of Gwynedd
1194-1240 Llywelyn ap Iorwerth - Lord of Gwynedd
1240-1246 David - Lord of Gwynedd
1246-1282 Llywelyn ap Gruffydd - Lord of Gwynedd

KINGS & QUEENS OF SCOTLAND
843-858 Kenneth MacAlpin - House of Alpin
858-862 Donald I - House of Alpin
862-877 Constantine I - House of Alpin
877-878 Aedh - House of Alpin
878-889 Eochaid - House of Alpin
889-900 Donald II - House of Alpin
900-943 Constantine II - House of Alpin
943-954 Malcolm I - House of Alpin
954-962 Indulf - House of Alpin
962-966 Dubh - House of Alpin
966-971 Culen - House of Alpin
971-995 Kenneth II - House of Alpin
995-997 Constantine III - House of Alpin
997-1005 Kenneth III - House of Alpin
1005-1034 Malcolm II - House of Alpin
1034-1040 Duncan I - House of Dunkeld
1040-1057 Macbeth - House of Dunkeld
1057-1058 Lulach (The Fool) - House of Dunkeld
1058-1093 Malcolm III Canmore - House of Canmore
1093-1094 Donald III (Donald Bane) - House of Canmore
1094-1094 Duncan II - House of Canmore
1094-1097 Donald III (Donald Bane) - House of Canmore
1097-1107 Edgar - House of Canmore
1107-1124 Alexander I - House of Canmore
1124-1153 David I - House of Canmore
1153-1165 Malcolm IV - House of Canmore
1165-1214 William I - House of Canmore
1214-1249 Alexander II - House of Canmore
1249-1286 Alexander III - House of Canmore
1286-1290 Margaret ('Maid of Norway') - House of Canmore
1290-1292 Interregnum
1292-1296 John Balliol - House of Balliol
1296-1306 Interregnum
1306-1329 Robert I (The Bruce) - House of Bruce
1329-1371 David II - House of Bruce
Aug-Dec 1332 Edward Balliol (also for periods 1333-1346) - House of Balliol
1371-1390 Robert II - House of Stewart
1390-1406 Robert III - House of Stewart
1406-1437 James I - House of Stewart
1437-1460 James II - House of Stewart
1460-1488 James III - House of Stewart
1488-1513 James IV - House of Stewart
1513-1542 James V - House of Stewart
1542-1567 Mary, Oueen of Scots - House of Stewart
1567-1625 James VI (James I of England 1603-1625) - House of Stuart

KINGS & QUEENS OF ENGLAND AND WALES
1272-1307 Edward I - House of Plantagenet
1307-1327 Edward II - House of Plantagenet
1327-1377 Edward III - House of Plantagenet
1377-1399 Richard II - House of Plantagenet
1399-1413 Henry IV - House of Lancaster
1413-1422 Henry V - House of Lancaster
1422-1461 Henry VI - House of Lancaster
1461-1483 Edward IV - House of York
1483-1483 Edward V - House of York
1483-1485 Richard III - House of York
1485-1509 Henry VII - House of Tudor

KINGS & QUEENS OF ENGLAND, WALES AND IRELAND
1509-1547 Henry VIII - House of Tudor
1547-1553 Edward VI - House of Tudor
1553-1558 Mary I - House of Tudor
1558-1603 Elizabeth I - House of Tudor

KINGS & QUEENS OF ENGLAND, WALES, SCOTLAND AND IRELAND
1603-1625 James I (King of Scotland as James VI 1567-1625) - House of Stuart
1625-1649 Charles I - House of Stuart
1649-1653 Commonwealth - Commonwealth
1653-1658 Oliver Cromwell - (Lord Protector) Commonwealth
1658-1659 Richard Cromwell - (Lord Protector) Commonwealth
1660-1685 Charles II - House of Stuart
1685-1688 James II - House of Stuart
1689-1694 William III of Orange and Mary II (jointly) - House of Orange
1694-1702 William III (alone) - House of Orange

MONARCHS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND
1702-1714 Anne - House of Stuart
1714-1727 George I - House of Hanover
1727-1760 George II - House of Hanover
1760-1820 George III (Elector, 1760-1815, and King,1815-20) - House of Hanover
1820-1830 George IV - House of Hanover
1830-1837 William IV (King of Hanover 1830-7) - House of Hanover
1837-1901 Victoria (Empress of India 1876-1901) - House of Hanover
1901-1910 Edward VII - House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
1910-1936 George V - House of Windsor
1936-1936 Edward VIII - House of Windsor
1936-1952 George VI - House of Windsor
1952- Elizabeth II (Queen of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Head of the Commonwealth of Nations) - House of Windsor

Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom

Sir Robert Walpole 1721 - 1742 Whig Party
The Earl of Wilmington 1742 – 1743 Whig Party
Henry Pelham 1743 – 1754 Whig Party
The Duke of Newcastle 1754 – 1756 Whig Party
The Duke of Devonshire 1756 – 1757 Whig Party
The Duke of Newcastle 1757 – 1762 Whig Party
The Earl of Bute 1762 – 1763 Tory Party
George Grenville 1763 – 1765 Whig Party
The Marquess of Rockingham 1765 – 1766 Whig Party
The Earl of Chatham “William Pitt the Elder” 1766 – 1768 Whig Party
The Duke of Grafton 1768 – 1770 Whig Party
Lord North 1770 – 1782 Tory Party
The Marquess of Rockingham 1782 – 1782 Whig Party
The Earl of Shelburne 1782 – 1783 Whig Party
The Duke of Portland 1783 – 1783 Whig Party
William Pitt The Younger 1783 – 1801 Tory Party
Henry Addington 1801 – 1804 Tory Party
William Pitt The Younger 1804 – 1806 Tory Party
The Lord Grenville 1807 – 1809 Tory Party
The Duke of Portland 1807 – 1809 Tory Party
Spencer Perceval 1809 – 1812 Tory Party
The Earl of Liverpool 1812 – 1827 Tory Party
George Canning 1827 – 1827 Tory Party
The Viscount Goderich 1827 – 1828 Tory Party
The Duke of Wellington 1828 – 1830 Tory Party
The Earl Grey 1830 – 1834 Whig Party
The Viscount Melbourne 1834 – 1834 Whig Party
The Duke of Wellington 1834 – 1834 Tory Party
Sir Robert Peel 1834 – 1835 Tory Party
The Viscount Melbourne 1835 – 1841 Whig Party
Sir Robert Peel 1841 – 1846 Tory Party
The Lord John Russell 1846 – 1852 Whig Party
The Earl of Derby 1852 – 1852 Tory Party
The Earl of Aberdeen 1852 – 1855 Peelite / Whig
The Viscount Palmerston 1855 – 1858 Whig Party
The Earl of Derby 1858 – 1859 Tory Party
The Viscount Palmerston 1859 – 1865 Liberal Party
The Earl Russell 1865 – 1866 Liberal Party
The Earl of Derby 1866 – 1868 Tory Party
Benjamin Disraeli 1868 – 1868 Tory Party
William Ewart Gladstone 1868 – 1874 Liberal Party
Benjamin Disraeli 1874 – 1880 Tory Party
William Ewart Gladstone 1880 – 1885 Liberal Party
The Marquess of Salisbury 1885 – 1886 Tory Party
William Ewart Gladstone 1886 – 1886 Liberal Party
The Marquess of Salisbury 1886 – 1892 Tory Party
William Ewart Gladstone 1892 – 1894 Liberal Party
The Earl of Rosebery 1894 – 1895 Liberal Party
The Marquess of Salisbury 1895 – 1902 Tory Party
Arthur Balfour 1902 – 1905 Tory Party
Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman 1905 – 1908 Liberal Party
H H Asquith 1908 – 1916 Liberal Party
David Lloyds George 1916 – 1922 Liberal Party
Andrew Bonar Law 1922 – 1923 Tory Party
Stanley Baldwin 1923 – 1924 Tory Party
Ramsey MacDonald 1924 – 1924 Labour Party
Stanley Baldwin 1924 – 1929 Tory Party
Ramsey MacDonald 1929 – 1931 Labour Party
Ramsey MacDonald 1931 – 1935 National Labour Party
Stanley Baldwin 1935 – 1937 Tory Party
Neville Chamberlain 1937 – 1940 Tory Party
Winston Churchill 1940 – 1945 Tory Party
Clement Attlee 1945 – 1951 Labour Party
Winston Churchill 1951 – 1955 Tory Party
Sir Anthony Eden 1955 – 1957 Tory Party
Harold Macmillan 1957 – 1963 Tory Party
Alec Douglas-Home 1963 – 1964 Tory Party
Harold Wilson 1964 – 1970 Labour Party
Edward Heath 1970 – 1974 Tory Party
Harold Wilson 1974 – 1976 Labour Party
James Callaghan 1976 – 1979 Labour Party
Margaret Thatcher 1979 – 1990 Tory Party
John Major 1990 – 1997 Tory Party
Tony Blair 1997 – 2007 Labour Party
Gordon Brown 2007 – 2010 Labour Party
David Cameron 2010 - Present Tory Party

The Member States of the U.S.A.

Member States of the United States of America, in order of entering the Union

1) Delaware December 7, 1787
2) Pennsylvania December 12, 1787
3) New Jersey December 18, 1787
4) Georgia January 2, 1788
5) Connecticut January 9, 1788
6) Massachusetts February 6, 1788
7) Maryland April 28, 1788
8) South Carolina May 23, 1788
9) New Hampshire June 21, 1788
10) Virginia June 25, 1788
11) New York July 26, 1788
12) North Carolina November 21, 1789
13) Rhode Island May 29, 1790
14) Vermont March 4, 1791
15) Kentucky June 1, 1792
16) Tennessee June 1, 1796
17) Ohio March 1, 1803
18) Louisiana April 30, 1812
19) Indiana December 11, 1816
20) Mississippi December 10, 1817
21) Illinois December 3, 1818
22) Alabama December 14, 1819
23) Maine March 15, 1820
24) Missouri August 10, 1821
25) Arkansas June 15, 1836
26) Michigan January 26, 1837
27) Florida March 3, 1845
28) Texas December 29, 1845
29) Iowa December 28, 1846
30) Wisconsin May 29, 1848
31) California September 9, 1850
32) Minnesota May 11, 1858
33) Oregon February 14, 1859
34) Kansas January 29, 1861
35) West Virginia June 20, 1863
36) Nevada October 31, 1864
37) Nebraska March 1, 1867

District of Colombia February 21, 1871

38) Colorado August 1, 1876
39) North Dakota November 2, 1889
40) South Dakota November 2, 1889
41) Montana November 8, 1889
42) Washington November 11, 1889
43) Idaho July 3, 1890
44) Wyoming July 10, 1890
45) Utah January 4, 1896
46) Oklahoma November 16, 1907
47) New Mexico January 6, 1912
48) Arizona February 14, 1912
49) Alaska January 3, 1959
50) Hawaii August 21, 1959

The Presidents of the U.S.A.

U.S. President Name (Years as President) - Presidential Party
1) George Washington (1789-1797)
2) John Adams (1797-1801) - Federalist
3) Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809) - Democratic/Republican
4) James Madison (1809-1817) - Democratic/Republican
5) James Monroe (1817-1825) - Democratic/Republican
6) John Quincy Adams (1825-1829) - Democratic/Republican
7) Andrew Jackson (1829-1837) - Democrat
8) Martin Van Buren (1837-1841) - Democrat
9) William Henry Harrison (1841-1841, died In office) - Whig
10) John Tyler (1841-1845) - Whig
11) James K. Polk (1845-1849) - Democrat
12) Zachary Taylor (1849-1850, died in office) - Whig
13) Millard Fillmore (1850-1853) - Whig
14) Franklen Pierce (1853-1857) - Democrat
15) James Buchanan (1857-1861) - Democrat
16) Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865, died in office) - Republican
17) Andrew Johnson (1865-1869) - Democrat/National Union
18) Gen. Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877) - Republican
19) Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881) - Republican
20) James A. Garfield (1881, died in office) - Republican
21) Chester A. Arthur (1881-1885) - Republican
22) Grover Cleveland (1885-1889) - Democrat
23) Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) - Republican
24) Grover Cleveland (1893-1897) - Democrat
25) William McKinley (1897-1901, died in office) - Republican
26) Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) - Republican
27) William Howard Taft (1909-1913) - Republican
28) Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921) - Democrat
29) Warren G. Harding (1921-1923, died in office) - Republican
30) Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929) - Republican
31) Herbert Hoover (1929-1933) - Republican
32) Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945, died in office) - Democrat
33) Harry S. Truman (1945-1953) - Democrat
34) Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961) - Republican
35) John F. Kennedy (1961-1963, died in office) - Democrat
36) Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969) - Democrat
37) Richard M. Nixon (1969-1974) - Republican
38) Gerald R. Ford (1974-1977) - Republican
39) Jimmy Carter (1977-1981) - Democrat
40) Ronald Reagan (1981-1989) - Republican
41) George Bush (1989-1993) - Republican
42) Bill Clinton (1993-2001) - Democrat
43) George W. Bush (2001-2009) - Republican
44) Barack H. Obama (2009...) - Democrat

Ten of the greatest: Philosophical principles

Ten of the greatest: Philosophical principles

By JULIAN BAGGINI, Editor of The Philosopher's Magazine

1. THE HARM PRINCIPLE
by JOHN STUART MILL, 1806-1873

2. THE PRINCIPLE OF SUFFICIENT REASON
GOTTFRIED LEIBNIZ 1646- 1716

3. THE MEAN
by ARISTOTLE, 382BC- 322BC

4. THE FALSIFICATION PRINCIPLE
by KARL POPPER, 1902-1994

5. OUGHT IMPLIES CAN
by IMMANUEL KANT, 1724-1804

6. THE PRINCIPLE OF EVIDENCE
by DAVID HUME, 1771-1776

7. THE PRINCIPLE OF CHARITY
by DONALD DAVIDSON 1917 -2003

8. THE DIFFERENCE PRINCIPLE
by JOHN RAWLS, 1921 -2002

9. JUST WAR
by THOMAS AQUINAS, 1225 -1274

10. OCCAM'S RAZOR
by WILLIAM OF OCCAM, 1288-1348

Read more: http://www.mailonsunday.co.uk/home/moslive/article-1279320/Ten-greatest-Philosophical-principles.html#ixzz0s8jzuyDM

Ten of the greatest: Maths puzzles

Ten of the greatest: Maths puzzles

By CLIFF PICKOVER, Author of The Math Book

1. ARCHIMEDES' STOMACHION, c250 BC
2. WHEAT ON A CHESSBOARD, 1256
3. TOWER OF HANOI, 1883
4. ROPE AROUND THE EARTH PUZZLE, 1702
5. KONIGSBERG BRIDGES, 1736
6. PRINCE RUPERT'S PROBLEM, 1816
7. FIFTEEN PUZZLE, 1874
8. THIRTY-SIX OFFICERS PROBLEM, 1779
9. RUBIK'S CUBE, 1974
10. BARBER PARADOX, 1901

Read more: http://www.mailonsunday.co.uk/home/moslive/article-1284909/Ten-greatest-Maths-puzzles.html#ixzz0s8jBTi1H

Ten of the greatest: Maps that changed the world

Ten of the greatest: Maps that changed the world

By PETER BARBER, Head of Map Collections at the British Library

1. BE ON GUARD! 1921
2. HENRICUS MARTELLUS WORLD MAP, c1490
3. CHINESE GLOBE, 1623
4. WALDSEEMULLER WORLD MAP, 1507
5. GOOGLE EARTH, c2005
6. DESCRIPTIVE MAP OF LONDON POVERTY, 1889
7. 'RED LINE' MAP OF NORTH AMERICA, 1782-3
8. LONDON TUBE MAP, 1933
9. PETERS PROJECTION WORLD MAP, 1974
10. EVESHAM WORLD MAP, c1400

Read more: http://www.mailonsunday.co.uk/home/moslive/article-1272921/Ten-greatest-maps-changed-world.html#ixzz0s8iBOsBX

Ten of the greatest ideas that changed the world

Ten of the greatest ideas that changed the world

By TIM CRANE, Knightbridge Professor of Philosophy at Cambridge University

1. THE COMPUTER
2. THE COPERNICAN REVOLUTION
3. DEMOCRACY
4. COMMUNISM
5. RELATIVITY
6. FREE MARKET
7. QUANTUM THEORY
8. EVOLUTION
9. FEMINISM
10. HUMAN RIGHTS

Read more: http://www.mailonsunday.co.uk/home/moslive/article-1263952/Ten-greatest-ideas-changed-world-Tim-Crane.html#ixzz0s8hTBqNl

Ten of the greatest battlefield tactics

Ten of the greatest battlefield tactics, by Rob Johnson

By ROB JOHNSON, Author and lecturer in the History of War, Oxford University

1. SURPRISE ATTACK: TEUTOBURG FOREST, 9AD
2. ENVELOPMENT: OPERATION URANUS, 1942
3. COMMITTING THE RESERVE: AUSTERLITZ, 1805
4. SHOCK ACTION: ARSUF, 1191
5. CONCENTRATION: JAGDGESCHWADER FORMATION, 1917
6. OFF-BALANCING & PINNING: TRAFALGAR, 1805
7. STRATEGIC OFFENCE & TACTICAL DEFENCE: PANIPAT, 1526
8. DECEPTION: Q-SHIPS, 1915
9. INTELLIGENCE: MATAPAN, 1941
10. GUERRILLA WARFARE: CHINA, 1934-49


Read more: http://www.mailonsunday.co.uk/home/moslive/article-1267536/Ten-greatest-battlefield-tactics-Rob-Johnson.html#ixzz0s8fIzIMJ

Ten of the greatest Victorian icons

Ten of the greatest Victorian icons

By JEREMY PAXMAN
The journalist, author and television presenter

1. QUEEN VICTORIA 1819-1901
2. GENERAL GORDON 1833-1885
3. WT STEAD 1849- 1912
4. SIR HENRY BESSEMER 1813-1898
5. JULIA M CAMERON 1815-1879
6. WILLIAM P FRITH 1819-1909
7. CHARLES DARWIN 1809-1882
8. LEWIS CARROLL 1832-1898
9. ANTHONY TROLLOPE 1815-1882
10. THE EARL OF SHAFTESBURY 1801-1885

Read more: http://www.mailonsunday.co.uk/home/moslive/article-1256949/Ten-greatest-Victorian-icons-Jeremy-Paxman.html#ixzz0s8cpyG7p

Ten of the greatest historical figures

Ten of the greatest historical figures

By DAVID MITCHELL
Comedian, Peep Show star and history graduate of Peterhouse College, Cambridge

1 WINSTON CHURCHILL
2 PITT THE YOUNGER
3 GEORGE III
4 CHARLES JAMES FOX
5 DAVID LLOYD GEORGE
6 KING JOHN
7 NAPOLEON
8 LOUIS XIV
9 WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
10 LORD PALMERSTON

Read more: http://www.mailonsunday.co.uk/home/moslive/article-1248736/DAVID-MITCHELL-My-greatest-historical-figures.html#ixzz0s8cBaMt2